Dungi has left evidences of his conquests in the buildings which he erected at Susa, but the principal buildings of this period were constructed by Ba-sa-Susinak, son of Simbi-ishak, viceroy of Susa and potentate in Elam. The Karun, with which a number of small streams unite, rises in the Bakhtiari mountains. He established his kingdom "in the land of Shinar," including the cities "Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh" (Genesis 10:10), of which only Babel, or Babylon, and Erech, or Uruk, have been identified with certainty. The challenge was accepted, with disastrous results, for Hurbatila was captured by the Babylonian king at the place named. lit. II, 11; BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA, RELIGION OF, IV, 7; MERODACH; ORION.Edward Mack. Comparison with the Semitic Idiom7. We all know what north, east, south, and west, are. Map Genesis 14. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. According to the tradition, it was there that the "dark vine" grew-a type, seemingly, of the tree of life. Wisdom lit. Shinar (country of two rivers), the ancient name of the great alluvial tract through which the Tigris and Euphrates pass before reaching the sea --the tract known in later times as Chaldaea or Babylonia.It was a plain country, where brick had to be used for stone and slime for mortar. [4], The name inar occurs eight times in the Hebrew Bible, in which it refers to Babylonia. If you want a modern-day reference,. A fine garment looted by Achan near Jericho was described as coming from Shinar (Josh 7:21, KJV Babylonish). Genesis 14:2 that they made war with Bera, king of Sodom, and with Birsha, king of Gomorrah, Shinab, king of Admah, and Shemeber, king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar). [1], Sayce (1895) identified Shinar as cognate with the following names: Sangara/Sangar mentioned in the context of the Asiatic conquests of Thutmose III (15th century BCE); Sanhar/Sankhar of the Amarna letters (14th century BCE); the Greeks' Singara; and modern Sinjar, in Upper Mesopotamia, near the Khabur River. We propose this because the land of Shinar is originally said to be in modern-day Sudan. In the Persian version this appears as (H)uwaja or (H)uwazha, whence the modern Huz or Khuzistan. According to the Assyrian king's record, an enormous booty was taken, including many sacred and ancient royal statues preserved at Susa. The Tower of Babel - Kids Bible Maps Identification:The name given, in the earliest Hebrew records, to Babylonia, later called Babel, or the land of Babel (babhel, 'erets babhel). Some have sought identification with Gilgamesh, the flood hero of Babylonia (Skinner, Driver, Delitzsch); others with a later Kassite king (Haupt, Hilprecht), which is quite unlikely; but the most admissible correspondence is with Marduk, chief god of Babylon, probably its historic founder, just as Asshur, the god of Assyria, appears in verse 11 as the founder of the Assyrian empire (Wellhausen, Price, Sayce). All these successes in Elam and its dependencies probably made the kingdom of Babylon supreme in the land. Thus Nanna(r), or Suen the later moon-god Sin, was god of Ur; An, the sky-god at Uruk, Enki(Ea) god of the deep waters and mysteries at the sea port of Eridu. Comparison with the Semitic Idiom:Halevy's contention, that Sumerian is simply "an allography" for the expression of Sera Babylonian, seems to be untenable, as they differ not only in words, but also in grammar; moreover, Sumerian had a dialect, called by the natives "woman's tongue." Sumerian has no proven relation to any other language, ancient or modern. Merodach-baladan, a pretender to the throne of Babylon, made common cause with Humbanigas, who fought with the Assyrian army at Der. Its Patron-Deities and Their Temples:Two great deities, Ishtar and Nanaa, were worshipped in this city, the temple of the former being E-anna, "the house of heaven" (or "of Anu," in which case it is probable that the god of the heavens, Anu, was also one of the patrons of the city). The royal graves found at Ur belong to this dynasty and bear witness to the wealth of this time. Isaiah 21:2 A grievous vision is declared to me. The nomad Lurs of the present day are practically independent of Persia. The Elamite king was defeated on the banks of the Ulai, Elam was ravaged, and much spoil taken. New American Bible When they were migrating from the east, they came to a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. As one of its early kings, Berosus mentions Alorus, "the shepherd of the people," as having reigned for 10 sari, or 36,000 years. Umman-aldas now returned and resumed the government. The principal difficulty lies in the fact that what might be regarded as the non-dialectical form singar (which would alone furnish a satisfactory basis of comparison) is not found, and would, if existent, only apply to the southern portion of Babylonia. There seems also to have been a shrine to Nergal, god of war, which was restored by King Sin-gamil. It is thought that the Euphrates must have flowed nearer to the city in ancient times, as the Gilgames legend relates that that hero and his companion Enkidu washed their hands in the stream after having killed the divine bull sent by the goddess Ishtar to destroy them. Use. The Principal Cities:The two principal cities were Susa or Shushan, called Susun in the native texts, and regarded as the old capital, situated on the Ulai (Karkha); and Anzan (Ashshan, Anshan), more to the Southwest. Eannatum was followed by Urukagina who by social reforms and legislation sought to curb the growing bureauracy which bore hardly on the poor, the widows and the fatherless. The States of Shinar:At the earliest period to which our records refer the Sumerians of Shinar were divided into a number of small states, of which the following may be regarded as the principal:(1) Sippar:Sippar or Sippar-Aruru (-Ya'ruru), possibly including Accad (Genesis 10:10), some distance Southwest of Bagdad. Mountain Ranges:The Pusht-e-Kuh mountains are a series of very high parallel ranges described as "a veritable wall" between Mesopotamia and the elevated depression of the Kerkha. Literature Referring to Erech:Many tablets have been found on the site, and give promise of interesting discoveries still to come. that certain Kassites overran West Mesopotamia, and settled in the northern part of Elam, which was thereafter called by the Assyrians mat Kassi, "the land of the Cosseans."
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